网传的七天学Python的路线如下,我觉得可以在学过此表中前几天的内容后,就可以回头来学习一下
列表推导式:它综合了列表、for循环和条件语句。
第一天:基本概念(4小时) : print,变量,输入,条件语句。
第二天:基本概念(5小时) :列表,for循环,while循环,函数,导入模块。
第三天:简单编程问题(5小时) :交换两个变量值,将摄氏度转换为华氏温度,求数字中各位数之和, 判断某数是否为素数, 生成随机数,删除列表中的重复项等等。
第四天:中级编程问题(6小时) :反转-个字符串(回文检测),计算最大公约数,合并两个有序数组,猜数字游戏,计算年龄等等。
第五天:数据结构(6小时) :栈,队列,字典,元组,树,链表。
第六天:面向对象编程(OOP) (6小时) :对象,类,方法和构造函数,面向对象编程之继承。
第七天:算法(6小时) :搜索(线性和二分查找)、 排序(冒泡排序、 选择排序)、递归函数(阶乘、斐波那契数列)时间复杂度(线性、二次和常量)。
out_list = [out_express for out_express in input_list if out_express_condition]
其中,
>>> [i for i in range(20)] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19] >>> [i for i in range(40) if i%2==0] [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38] >>> [i*2 for i in range(20)] [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38] >>> [i+j for i in range(5) for j in range(5)] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] >>> [i+j for i in range(10) for j in range(10)] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18] >>> {i+j for i in range(10) for j in range(10)} {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18} >>> [(i,j,k) for i in 'abc' for j in range(2) for k in range(2)] [('a', 0, 0), ('a', 0, 1), ('a', 1, 0), ('a', 1, 1), ('b', 0, 0), ('b', 0, 1), ('b', 1, 0), ('b', 1, 1), ('c', 0, 0), ('c', 0, 1), ('c', 1, 0), ('c', 1, 1)] >>> [chr(i) for i in range(97,123)] ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'] >>> {i:ord(i) for i in [chr(i) for i in range(97,123)]} {'a': 97, 'b': 98, 'c': 99, 'd': 100, 'e': 101, 'f': 102, 'g': 103, 'h': 104, 'i': 105, 'j': 106, 'k': 107, 'l': 108, 'm': 109, 'n': 110, 'o': 111, 'p': 112, 'q': 113, 'r': 114, 's': 115, 't': 116, 'u': 117, 'v': 118, 'w': 119, 'x': 120, 'y': 121, 'z': 122} >>> dic={i:ord(i) for i in [chr(i) for i in range(97,123)]} >>> dic['x'] 120 >>>
注:
>>> (i for i in range(20)) <generator object <genexpr> at 0x0000000002CF3890> >>> type(i for i in range(20)) <class 'generator'> >>> tuple(i for i in range(20)) (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19) >>> >>> g = (i for i in range(10)) >>> g <generator object <genexpr> at 0x03CE71E8> >>> a = [i for i in g] >>> a [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> b = [i for i in g] >>> b [] >>>
>>> [i for i in range(10)]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
#这个推导式用for循环赋值的代码:
my_list = [] for i in range(10): my_list.append(i) print(my_list)
注:
>>> a = []; a[:] = range(10) >>> a [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>>
此方法是我在学习用星号“*”给序列解包时偶尔试出来的
>>> *a,=range(10) # 此处变量a后的逗号“,”必不可少 >>> a [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> >>> # 或者: >>> a = [*range(10)] >>> a [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> >>> # 若要取部分,把不要的元素“赋值”给下划线 _ >>> _,*a=range(10) >>> a [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> >>> # 元组的赋值,结尾用逗号: >>> tp = *range(1,11), >>> tp (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) >>>
序列解包 * :
>>> Cards = [*range(2,10),*list('TJQKA')] >>> Cards [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 'T', 'J', 'Q', 'K', 'A'] >>> Cards = *range(2,10),*tuple('TJQKA') >>> Cards (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 'T', 'J', 'Q', 'K', 'A') >>> # tuple 赋值时连最外的()都可以省掉
map()函数解包 *
>>> n = 12345678 >>> [int(i) for i in str(n)] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] >>> [*map(int,str(n))] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] >>>
还有一个特别的:单循环的变量可用 _ 代替:
>>> [_ for _ in range(10)] [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> [_*_ for _ in range(10)] [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81] >>> [str(_) for _ in range(2,10)] ['2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'] >>>
# 加法 >>> listAdd = lambda a,b:[i+j for m,i in enumerate(a) for n,j in enumerate(b) if m==n] >>> a = [1,2,3,4] >>> b = [2,4,7,11,16] >>> listAdd(a,b) [3, 6, 10, 15] >>> listAdd([0]+a,b) [2, 5, 9, 14, 20] >>> listAdd(a,b[1:]) [5, 9, 14, 20] >>> listAdd(a[1:],b) [4, 7, 11] >>>
# 其它运算 >>> listOP = lambda a,b,c=0:[i-j if c==2 else i*j if c==3 else i/j if c==4 else i//j if c==5 else i%j if c==6 else i+j for m,i in enumerate(a) for n,j in enumerate(b) if m==n] >>> a = [1,2,3,4] >>> b = [2,4,7,11,16] >>> listOP(a,b) [3, 6, 10, 15] >>> listOP(a,b,1) [3, 6, 10, 15] >>> listOP(a,b,2) [-1, -2, -4, -7] >>> listOP(b,a,2) [1, 2, 4, 7] >>> listOP(a,b,2) [-1, -2, -4, -7] >>> listOP(a,b,3) [2, 8, 21, 44] >>> listOP(a,b,4) [0.5, 0.5, 0.42857142857142855, 0.36363636363636365] >>> listOP(b,a,4) [2.0, 2.0, 2.3333333333333335, 2.75] >>> listOP(a,b,5) [0, 0, 0, 0] >>> listOP(b,a,5) [2, 2, 2, 2] >>> listOP(b[1:],a,5) [4, 3, 3, 4] >>> listOP(a,b,6) [1, 2, 3, 4] >>> listOP(b,a,6) [0, 0, 1, 3] >>> listOP(b[2:],a,6) [0, 1, 1] >>>
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