Python操作Excel神器openpyxl使用教程(超详细!)

# coding=utf-8
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook() # 新建工作簿
ws = wb.active # 获取工作表
ws.append(['姓名', '学号', '年龄']) # 追加一行数据
ws.append(['张三', "1101", 17]) # 追加一行数据
ws.append(['李四', "1102", 18]) # 追加一行数据
wb.save(r'测试1.xlsx') # 保存到指定路径，保存的文件必须不能处于打开状态，因为文件打开后文件只读

# coding=utf-8
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook(r'测试1.xlsx') # 获取已存在的工作簿
ws = wb.active # 获取工作表
for row in ws.values: # 输出所有数据
    print(row)

# coding=utf-8
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook(r"测试1.xlsx")
"""获取工作表"""
active_sheet = wb.active    # 获取第一个工作表
print(active_sheet)         # 输出工作表：<Worksheet "Sheet">
by_name_sheet = wb["Sheet"]    		  # 根据工作表名称获取工作表
by_index_sheet = wb.worksheets[0]     # 根据工作表索引获取工作表
"""获取所有工作表"""
print("获取所有",wb.sheetnames)
"""新建工作表"""
New_Sheet = wb.create_sheet("New")  # 在最后新建工作表
First_Sheet = wb.create_sheet("First",index=0)  # 在开头新建工作表
print("新建后",wb.sheetnames)
"""复制工作表"""
Copy_Sheet = wb.copy_worksheet(active_sheet)    # 复制第一个工作表
Copy_Sheet.title = "Copy"
print("复制后",wb.sheetnames)
"""删除工作表"""
wb.remove(First_Sheet)      # 根据指定的工作表对象删除工作表
wb.remove(New_Sheet)
print("删除后",wb.sheetnames)
wb.save(r"测试2.xlsx")

# coding=utf-8
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook(r'测试1.xlsx') # 获取已存在的工作簿
ws = wb.active
print("工作表名",ws.title)
ws.title = "学生信息表"
print("修改后工作表名",ws.title)
print("最大行数",ws.max_row)
print("最大列数",ws.max_column)
ws.append(["王五","1103",17])
print("最大行数",ws.max_row)
wb.save(r"测试3.xlsx")

# coding=utf-8
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook(r'测试1.xlsx')
ws = wb.active
A1 = ws["A1"]     # 根据坐标获取单个单元格
print("第一行第一列",ws.cell(1,1))    # 根据行列获取单个单元格
print("第一行",ws[1])
print("第A列",ws["A"])
print("A到B列",ws["A":"B"])
print("1到2行",ws["1":"2"])
print("A1到B2范围",ws["A1":"B2"])

# coding=utf-8
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook(r'测试1.xlsx')     # 获取已存在的工作簿
ws = wb.active  # 获取工作表
for row in ws.values:       # for循环迭代
    print(row)
print(list(ws.values))	    # 转换为数据列表

# coding=utf-8
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook(r'测试1.xlsx')
ws = wb.active
for row in ws.rows:  # 以行的形式迭代
    print(row)
print("-"*55)
for col in ws.columns:  # 以列的形式迭代
    print(col)

# coding=utf-8
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook(r'测试1.xlsx')
ws = wb.active
for row in ws.iter_rows(max_row=2,max_col=2):  # 指定边界范围并以行的形式可迭代
    print(row)
print("-"*35)
for column in ws.iter_cols(max_row=2,max_col=2):  # 指定边界范围并以行的形式可迭代
    print(column)

# coding=utf-8
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook() # 新建工作簿
ws = wb.active
"""获取与设置单元格值的两种方式"""
cell1 = ws.cell(1,1)    # 先获取第一行第一列的单元格对象
cell1.value = 18		# 再设置单元格对象的值
print("值",cell1.value)
print("数字列标",cell1.column)
print("字母列标",cell1.column_letter)
print("行号",cell1.row)
print("坐标",cell1.coordinate)
cell2 = ws.cell(2,1,17) # 直接在获取单元格的时候设置值
"""使用公式和不适用公式"""
cell3 = ws.cell(3,1,"=A1+A2") # 直接输入公式具有计算功能
cell4 = ws.cell(4,1,"=A1+A2")
cell4.data_type = 's' # 指定单元格数据类型为文本可以避免公式被计算
"""设置格式和不设置格式"""
cell5 = ws.cell(5,1,3.1415) # 默认常规格式
cell6 = ws.cell(6,1,3.1415)
cell6.number_format = "0.00" # 设置格式为保留两位小数
wb.save(r'测试4.xlsx') # 保存到指定路径

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, Border, Side, Alignment,PatternFill
from copy import copy
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
"""获取单元格并设置单元格值为 姓名 """
cell = ws.cell(1,1,"姓名")
"""设置单元格文字样式"""
cell.font = Font(bold=True, # 加粗
                         italic=True, # 倾斜
                         name="楷体", # 字体
                         size=13, # 文字大小
                         color="FF0000" # 字体颜色为红色
                         )
"""复制单元格样式"""
cell2 = ws.cell(1,2,"学号")
cell2.font = copy(cell.font)
"""设置单元格边框为黑色边框"""
cell.border = Border(bottom=Side(style='thin', color='000000'),
                             right=Side(style='thin', color='000000'),
                             left=Side(style='thin', color='000000'),
                             top=Side(style='thin', color='000000'))
"""设置单元格对齐方式为水平垂直居中"""
cell.alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center',vertical='center')
"""设置单元格底纹颜色为黄色"""
cell.fill = PatternFill(fill_type='solid', start_color='FFFF00')
"""
	白色：FFFFFF，黑色：000000，红色：FF0000，黄色：FFFF00
	绿色：00FF00，蓝色：0000FF，橙色：FF9900，灰色：C0C0C0
	常见颜色代码表：https://www.osgeo.cn/openpyxl/styles.html#indexed-colours
"""
wb.save(r"测试5.xlsx")

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter,column_index_from_string
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
"""行"""
row = ws.row_dimensions[1]  # 获取第一行行对象
print("行号",row.index)
row.height = 20     # 设置行高
print("行高",row.height)
"""列"""
column = ws.column_dimensions["A"]     # 根据字母列标获取第一列列对象
column = ws.column_dimensions[get_column_letter(1)]    # 根据数字列标获取第一列列对象
print("字母列标",column.index)
print("数字列标",column_index_from_string(column.index))
column.width = 15  # 设置列宽
print("列宽",column.width)
wb.save(r'测试6.xlsx')

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter,column_index_from_string
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
column = ws.column_dimensions[get_column_letter(1)]    # 根据数字列标获取第一列列对象
value = "我爱中国ILoveChain"	# 4*2+10*1+1=19
column.width = len(str(value).encode("GBK"))+1  # 根据内容设置列宽,+1既可以补充误差又可以让两边留有一定的空白，美观
print("列宽",column.width)	# 输出：19
ws.cell(1,1,value)
wb.save(r'测试6.xlsx')

from openpyxl import Workbook,load_workbook
wb = load_workbook("测试1.xlsx")
ws = wb.active
ws.insert_rows(1,2)     # 在第一行前插入两行
delete_col_index = [1,3]    # 删除1、3两列
"""为避免删除多列时前面列对后面列产生影响，采取从后面列往前面列删的策略,行同理"""
delete_col_index.sort(reverse=True)     # 从大到小排序
for col_index in delete_col_index:
    ws.delete_cols(col_index)
wb.save(r'测试7.xlsx')

# coding=utf-8
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, Border, Side, Alignment, PatternFill
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
"""设置全局样式"""
border = Border(bottom=Side(style='thin', color='000000'),
                right=Side(style='thin', color='000000'),
                left=Side(style='thin', color='000000'),
                top=Side(style='thin', color='000000'))
alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')
row_index = 1 # 写入的行索引，每写入一行后+1
"""写入标题"""
title = ['姓名', '学号', '分数']
for index,item in enumerate(title):
    cell = ws.cell(row_index,index+1,item)
    cell.border = border
    cell.alignment = alignment
    cell.font = Font(bold=True)
row_index += 1
data = [['张三', "1101", 17],['李四', "3412", 18],['王五', "1103", 16]]
"""写入正文"""
for row in data:
    for index,item in enumerate(row):
        cell = ws.cell(row_index, index + 1, item)
        cell.border = border
        cell.alignment = alignment
    row_index += 1
"""写入结果"""
result = ["", "合计", 17+18+16]
for index,item in enumerate(result):
    cell = ws.cell(row_index,index+1,item)
    cell.border = border
    cell.alignment = alignment
    cell.fill = PatternFill(fill_type='solid', start_color="FFFF00")
wb.save(r"学生信息表.xlsx")

# coding=utf-8
from openpyxl import Workbook,load_workbook
import os
dir_path = "学生名单"  # 要合并文件的文件夹地址
"""读取文件夹下的所有excel文件"""
files = []
for file in os.listdir(dir_path): # 获取当前目录下的所有文件
    files.append(os.path.join(dir_path,file)) # 获取文件夹+文件名的完整路径
"""以第一个文件为基本表"""
merge_excel = load_workbook(files[0])
merge_sheet = merge_excel.active
"""遍历剩余文件，追加到基本表"""
for file in files[1:]:
    wb = load_workbook(file)
    ws = wb.active
    for row in list(ws.values)[1:]:  # 从第二行开始读取每一行并追加到基本表
        merge_sheet.append(row)
merge_excel.save("高一学生汇总.xlsx")

# coding=utf-8
from openpyxl import Workbook,load_workbook
import os
file_path = "高一学生汇总.xlsx" # 要拆分的文件地址
split_dir = "拆分结果"  # 拆分文件后保存的文件夹
group_item = "班级"	 # 拆分的依据字段
"""打开拆分的excel文件并读取标题"""
wb = load_workbook(file_path)
ws = wb.active
title = []
for cell in ws[1]:
    title.append(cell.value)
"""开始分组，分组结果保存到字典，键为班级名，值为班级学生列表"""
group_result = {}  # 存储分组结果
group_index = title.index(group_item) 	# 获取拆分依据字段的索引
for row in list(ws.values)[1:]:
    class_name = row[group_index] # 获取分组依据数据，即班级名
    if class_name in group_result:    # 如果分组存在就追加，不存在就新建
        group_result[class_name].append(row)
    else:
        group_result[class_name] = [row]
"""创建输出文件夹"""
if not os.path.exists(split_dir):   # 如果不存在文件夹就新建
    os.mkdir(split_dir)
os.chdir(split_dir)     # 进入拆分文件夹
"""打印并输出分组后的数据"""
for class_name,students in group_result.items():
    new_wb = Workbook()     # 新建excel
    new_ws = new_wb.active
    new_ws.append(title)    # 追加标题
    for student in students:
        new_ws.append(student)  # 讲分组数组追加到新excel中
    new_wb.save("{}.xlsx".format(class_name))

# encoding: utf-8
import os
from openpyxl import Workbook, load_workbook
excel_path = r"学生名单/高一1班.xlsx"    # excel文件路径
job_path = r"作业"     # 作业文件夹路径
"""获取姓名列表"""
wb = load_workbook(excel_path)
ws = wb.active
names = []
for cell in ws["C"][1:]:	# 获取第C列第2行开始的数据
    names.append(cell.value)
"""获取作业列表"""
os.chdir(job_path)  # 切换到作业目录
files = []    # 获取文件列表
for file in os.listdir():
    files.append(os.path.splitext(file)[0])
"""作业检测"""
yes,no = [],[]
for name in names:     # 逐个姓名判断
    if name in files:   # 判断姓名是否在文件列表中
        yes.append(name)    # 如果在，添加到已完成名单
    else:
        no.append(name)     # 否则，添加到未完成名单
print("已完成人数：{}，已完成名单：{}".format(len(yes),yes))
print("未完成人数：{}，未完成名单：{}".format(len(no),no))